Range Voting
aka the score-them-all system or 0-99 voting, to select winner of an election:
- each
vote consists of one numerical score from 0 to 99 awarded to each candidate (for example 57,0,34,99 could be one vote in a 4-candidate election; advise 99/0 for best/worst).
-
voters may fill entries with "X" if they desire not to express an opinion about that candidate (e.g. 57,0,X,99)
† Only
candidates sufficiently known that at least 25M% of their
scores are numeric [with all-X ballots disregarded] are allowed to win;
where M is the maximum fraction of numeric scores got by anyone in the race.
-
The candidate with the highest average numeric score wins.
CRV's purpose:
- To educate the public about the advantages of range voting and comparative disadvantages of other systems (especially the USA's embarrassingly poor current "plurality" system),
- To lobby for its adoption.
- But CRV also supports research into (and is open-minded about) all voting systems, and indeed for some purposes even advocates other systems. CRV is nonpartisan.
Current missions, the longer term strategic plan, and the Iowa 08 project.
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Top Ten Virtues of Range Voting
- EXPRESSIVE: You give information about all candidates not just one, and QUANTITATIVELY – not just who you prefer, but how much.
- ENCOURAGES HONESTY NOT STRATEGY: Your score for candidate C in no way affects A vs. B battle. So you can give your honest opinion of C without fear of "wasting your vote" or hurting A.
- Voter never has any incentive to vote someone over ("betray") his/her favorite. (May sound like an obvious and easy criterion, but very few other voting systems obey it!) This should decrease the importance of cash.
- UNAFFECTED BY CANDIDATE CLONING: If A has "clones" A2, A3, that neither hurts nor helps them, unlike in the old "plurality voting" system where the clones "split the vote" and lose; and also unlike "Borda voting" where a party assures victory merely by running enough clones. No more bitter emnity between alike candidates.
- BREAKS STRANGLEHOLD OF SELF-REINFORCING 2-PARTY DOMINATION SO VOTERS GET MORE CHOICES: Plurality & IRV voting yield 2-party domination. Range voting experimentally yields much greater support for 3rd parties than "approval voting." Having more parties should also decrease the importance of gerrymandering, decrease predictability below 98%, and increase interest & turnout.
- ANY VOTING MACHINE FOR MULTIPLE PLURALITY CONTESTS, i.e. all extant, can handle range voting. (This for "single digit" range voting i.e. with scores in {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,X}.) IRV and Condorcet voting can't say that.
- If all voting is strategic, then approximately (a) maximizes number of "PLEASANTLY SURPRISED" voters and (b) ELECTS BEATS-ALL WINNERS whenever they exist.
- FEWER "SPOILED BALLOTS" and LESS FRAUD. In plurality voting, an accidental hanging chad or overvote can cause your vote to be discarded. With range voting, a hanging chad causes only part of your vote to get discarded (converted to "blank") with the rest – your opinions of all the other candidates – still operational. There's no such thing as an "overvote" since expressing opinions about all candidates is the idea; there's no wrong way to fill in a ballot. RV also reduces risk of TIES.
- UNIQUELY BEST among all common single-winner election methods as measured by BAYESIAN REGRET. (Holds for all 720 tried combinations of the following: number V of voters and N of candidates with V>N>2, several kinds of "utility generators", several amounts of "voter ignorance," and with either "honest" or "strategic" voters.)
- HUGE POSITIVE IMPACT: "Democracy" improved over monarchy and feudalism. Bayesian regret measurements say just switching from plurality to range will cause at least as much further regret reduction!
- HONEYBEES & ANTS have run trillions of elections over the last 20-50 million years to make hive relocation decisions. Under severe evolutionary pressure, they came up with... range voting!