SPARTA: A Bibliography

MAJOR ANCIENT TEXTS:

• Herodotus, The Histories [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Tech Classics Archive]
• Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Tech Classics Archive]
• Xenophon, The Hellenic History (Perseus, English)
• Xenophon, Constitution of the Lacedaemonians
• Pausanias, The Description of Greece Book III: "Laconia" (Perseus, English) [also in a Penguin and the Loeb Classical Library]
• Plutarch, Parallel Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, "Agesilaus", "Lycurgus", "Lysander", "Nicias", "Agis", "Cleomenes", "Pericles", and others. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Tech Classics Archive]
• Plutarch, Moralia (Essays) (Loeb Classical Library; selection in Penguin)
• "Sayings of Spartans" (Vol. III)
• "Ancient Customs of Spartans" (Vol. III)
• "Sayings of Spartan Women" (III)
• "Bravery of Spartan Women" (III)
• Plutarch on Sparta (Penguin)
• Polybius, The History [Commentary in 3 vols. by Frank Walbank]
  
  
  
  

• P.M. Fraser and E. Matthews (edd.), Lexicon of Greek Personal Names. III.A: Peloponnese, Western Greece, Sicily and Magna Graecia (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1997).
  
  
• Africa, Thomas W., Phylarchus and the Spartan Revolution (Berkeley 1961).
• Alfieri Tonini, T., "Il problema del neodamodeis nell' ambito della società spartana," RIL 109 (1975) 305-316.
• Andreotti, R., "Sull' origine della patronomia spartana," Athenaeum 13 (1935) 187-194.
• Andrewes, A., "Eunomia," Classical Quarterly 32 (1938) 89-102.
• Andrewes, A., "Sparta and Arcadia in the early Fifth Century," Phoenix 6 (1952) 1-5.
• Andrewes, A., "Two Notes on Lysander," Phoenix 25 (1971) 206-226.
• Andrewes, A., "The Government of Classical Sparta," Ancient Society and Institutions.... Viktor Ehrenberg (Oxford 1966) 1-20.
• Ball, R., " 'Menelaos' in the Spartan Agiad king-list," Classical Quarterly 27 (1977) 312-316.
• Banou, Emilia, Beitrag zum Studium Lakoniens in der mykenischen Zeit (München, 1996).
• Barello, Alessandra, "Il processo di Cleomene e la crisi dinastica di Sparta," Processi e politica nel mondo antico (ed. Marta Sordi) (Milano: Vita e Pensiero 1996) 19-27.
• Baltrusch, Ernst, Sparta: Geschichte, Gesellschaft, Kultur (München: Beck 1998).
• Baltrusch, Ernst, "Mythos oder Wirklichkeit? Die Helotengefahr und der Peloponnesische Bund," Historische Zeitschrift 273 (2001) 1-24.
• Bar-Hen, E., "Le parti de la paix à Sparte à la veille de la guerre du Péloponnese," Ancient Society 8 (1977) 21-31.
• Barrow, R., Sparta (London 1975).
• Barthélemy, Jean-Jacques, L'esercito di Sparta (ed. Sergio Valzania) (Palermo, 1996).
• Bassett, Sherylee R., "The enigma of Clearchus the Spartan," AHB 15 (2001) 1-13.
• Beattie, A. J., "An early Laconian Lex Sacra," Classical Quarterly 1 (1951) 46-58
• Beck, Mark Alexander, "Plato, Plutarch, and the use and manipulation of anecdotes in the 'Lives of Lycurgus and Agesilaus'," Plutarco, Platón y Aristóteles (1999) 173-187.
• Bernhardt, R., "Die Entstehung der Legende von der tyrannenfeindlichen Aussenpolitik Spartas im sechsten und fünften Jahrhundert v. Chr.," Historia 36 (1987) 257-289.
• Bernini, U., "Archidamo e Cleomene III. Politica interna ed estera a Sparta (241-227 a.C.)," Athenaeum 60 (1982) 205-223.
• Berthiaume, G., "Citoyens spécialistes à Sparte. Réponse à R. T. Ridley," Mnemosyne 29 (1976) 360-364.
• Bilik, Ronald, "Hippias von Elis als Quelle von Diodors Bericht über den elisch-spartanischen Krieg ?," AncSoc 29 (1998-1999) 21-47.
• Billheimer, A., "Age-classes in Spartan Education," Transactions of the American Philological Association 78 (1947) 99-104.
• Bloedow, E.F. ,"The Speeches of Archidamus and Sthenelaidas at Sparta," Historia 30 (1981) 129-143.
• Bloedow, E.F., "Archidamus the 'intelligent' Spartan," Klio 65 (1983) 27-49.
• Bloedow, E.F. , "Sthenelaidas the Persuasive Spartan," Hermes 115 (1987) 60-66.
• Bloedow, E.F., "Why did Sparta rebuff the Athenians at Ithome in 462 BC?" Ancient History Bulletin 14.3 (2000) 89-101.
• Bloedow, E.F. ,"Spartan Naval Command: From Secretary to 'Vice-Admiral'" Scholia 9 (2000) 12-19.
• Bockisch, G., "Harmostai," Klio 48 (1967) 129-239.
• Boelte, F., "Sparta," Realencyclopaedie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft III A (1929) 1265-1373.
• Boerker, C., "König Agesilaos von Sparta und der Artemis-Tempel in Ephesos," ZPE 37 (1980) 69-75.
• Bommelaer, J. F., Lysandre de Sparte. Histoire et Traditions (Paris 1981).
• Bonnechère, Pierre, "Le rituel samien décrit par Hérodote 3, 48 et la bomolochia spartiate," Les Etudes Classiques 66 (1998) 3-21.
• Boring, Terence, Literacy in Ancient Sparta (Leiden 1979). [Mnemosyne, Supplement 54].
• Bourguet, E., Le dialecte laconien (Paris 1927).
• Bourriot, Félix, "Kaloi kagathoi, kalokagathia à Sparte aux époques archaïque et classique," Historia 45 (1996) 129-140.
• Bowersock, G., "Eurycles of Sparta," Journal of Roman Studies 51 (1961) 112-118.
• Braccesi, Lorenzo, L' Enigma Dorico [Hesperia, 11 (1999)].
• Bradford, A.S., "The Synarchia of Roman Sparta" Chiron 10 (1980) 413-425.
• Alfred S. Bradford, Review: Cartledge and Spawforth Hellenistic and Roman Sparta, Ancient History Bulletin 5 (1991) 170-178.
• Bremmer, Jan N., "Myth as Propaganda: Athens and Sparta," ZPE 117 (1997) 9-17.
• Bringmann, K., "Die Grosse Rhetra und die Entstehung des spartanischen Kosmos," Historia 24 (1975) 513-538.
• Brunt, P. A., "Spatan Policy and Strategy in the Archidamian War," Phoenix 19 (1965) 255-280.
• Bruce, I. A. F., "Theopompos and Sparta," Ancient History Bulletin 1 (1987) 1-5.
• Buckler, John, The Theban Hegemony, 371-362 B.C. (Cambridge Harvard 1980).
• Buckler, John, "The alleged Theban-Spartan Alliance of 386 B.C.," Eranos 88 (1980) 179-185.
• Carlier, P., "La vie politique à Sparte sous le règne de Cleomène Ier: essai d' interpretation," Ktema 2 (1977) 65-84.
• Cartledge, Paul, Spartan Reflections (Berkeley/L.A.: U. Calif. Press 2003).
• Cartledge, Paul, The Spartans: The World of the Warrior-Heroes of Ancient Greece, from Utopia to Crisis and Collapse (Overlook Press 2003).
• Cartledge, Paul, Thermopylae: The Battle that Changed the World (Woodstock: The Overlook Press 2006).
• Cartledge, Paul & Spawforth, Antony, Hellenistic and Roman Sparta second edition (London: Routledge 2002).
• Cartledge, Paul, Sparta and Lakonia. A Regional History 1300-362 B.C. second edition (London/New York: Routledge 2002).
• Cartledge, Paul, "A new fifth-century Spartan Treaty," Liverpool Classical Monthly 1 (1976) 87-92.
• Cartledge, Paul, "Hoplites and heroes: Sparta's Contribution to the Technique of Ancient Warfare," Journal of Hellenic Studies 97 (l977) 11-27.
• Cartledge, Paul, "Literacy in the Spartan Oligarchy," Journal of Hellenic Studies 98 (l978) 25-37.
• Cartledge, Paul, Agesilaos and the Crisis of Sparta (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins 1987).
• Cartledge, Paul, "The peculiar Position of Sparta in the Development of the Greek City-State," PRIA 80 (1980) 91-108.
• Cartledge, Paul, "The Politics of Spartan Pederasty," Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 27 (1981) 17-36.
• Cartledge, Paul, "Sparta and Samos. A Special Relationship?" Classical Quarterly 32 (1982) 243-265.
• Cartledge, Paul, "Spartan Justice? or The State of the Ephors?" Dike 3 (2000) 5-26.
• Cartledge, Paul, "Did Spartan Citizens ever practise a manual techne?" Liverpool Classical Monthly 1 (1976) 115-119.
• Cartledge, Paul, "Spartan Wives. Liberation or License," Classical Quarterly 31 (1981) 84-105.
• Caserta, Cristiana, "Erodoto, i Battiadi e Sparta," Erodoto e l'Occidente (1999) 67-109.
• Cavanagh, W.C. and S.E.C. Walker (edd.), Sparta in Laconia. Proceedings of the 19th British Museum Classical Colloquium, London 1993 (London 1998) [British School at Athens, Studies, 4].
• Cawkwell, G.L., "Agesilaus and Sparta," Classical Quarterly 26 (l976) 62-84.
• Cawkwell, G.L., "The Decline of Sparta," Classical Quarterly 33 (1983) 385-400.
• Cawkwell, G.L., "Sparta and her Allies in the Sixth Century," Classical Quarterly 43. 2 (1993) 364- .
• Chambers, James T., "The Coinage of Ancient Sparta," The Numismatist 94. 4 (April 1981) 882-889.
• Chrestien, J., "La loi d' Epitadeus. Un aspect de l' histoire economique et sociale à Sparte," Revue historique de droit fr. et etr.52 (1974) 197-221.
• Chrimes, K.T., Ancient Sparta (Manchester 1949).
• Chrimes, K.T., The Respublica Lacedaimoniorum ascribed to Xenophon (Manchester 1948).
• Christesen, Paul, "Utopia on the Eurotas: Economic Aspects of the Spartan Mirage," in Figueira (ed.), Spartan Society (2004).
• Christien, Jacqueline, "Les forteresses de la côte orientale de Laconie et la guerre de Chrémonidès," Ktema 12 (1987) 111-124.
• Ciccotti, Ettore, La costituzione cosiddetta di Licurgo (1885: Roma: Bretschneider 1967).
• Clauss, M., Sparta. Eine Einführung in seine Geschichte und Zivilisation (München 1983).
• Coleman-Norton, P. R., "Socialism at Sparta," The Greek Political Experience. Studies in Honor of W. K. Prentice (Princeton 1941) 61-77.
• Constantinidou, Soteroula, "Dionysiac Elements in Spartan Cult Dances," Phoenix 52 (1998) 15-30.
• Corsano, M., "Sparte et Tarente. Le mythe de fondation d' une colonie," RHR no. 196 (1979) 113-140.
• Cozzoli, U., "Sparta e l' affrancamento degli Iloti nel V e nel IV secolo," MGN 6 (1978) 213-232.
• Cuniberti, Gianluca, "Lakedaimonion Politeia," SIFC 18 (2000) 99-111.
• David, E., "The Sparta syssitia and Plato's Laws," American Journal of Philology 99 (1978) 486-495.
• David, E., "Revolutionary Agitation in Sparta after Leuctra," Athenaeum 58 (1980) 299-308.
• David, E., "Aristotle and Sparta," Ancient Society 13-14 (1982-83) 67-103.
• David, E., "The Influx of Money into Sparta at the End of the Fifth Century B.C.," SCI 5 (1979-1980) 30-45.
• Daubies, M., "Les influences stoïciennes dans les réformes de Cléomène III, roi de Sparte," Revue Belge de Philologie 48 (1970) 1354-1355.
• Dawkins, R. M. et al., The Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (London 1929).
• De Laix, R. A., "Aristotle's Conception of the Spartan Constitution," Journal of the History of Philosophy 12 (1974) 21-30.
• De Ste. Croix, Geoffrey E. M., The Origins of the Peloponnesian War (London 1972).
• De Vido, Stefania, "Genealogie di Spartani re nelle « Storie » erodotee," QS 27 (2001) 209-227.
• Den Boer, W. Laconian Studies (Amsterdam 1954).
• Devoto, John G., Agesilaos II and the Politics of Sparta: 404-377 B.C. (1982).
• Devoto, John, "Pelopidas and Cleombrotos at Leuktra," Ancient History Bulletin 3 (1989) 115-118.
• Dettenhofer, Maria H., "Die Frauen von Sparta: Gesellschaftliche Position und politische Relevanz," Klio 75 (1993) 61-75.
• Diakonoff, I.M., "Slaves, Helots and Serfs in Early Antiquity," Acta Antiqua 22 (1974) 45-78.
• Dickins, G., "The Growth of the Spartan Policy," JHS 32 (1912) 1-42.
• Dietrich, B. C., "The Dorian Hyacinthia: A survival from the Bronze Age," Kadmos 14 (1975) 133-142.
• Dillery, J., Xenophon and the History of His Times (New York/London: Routledge 1995). [ review by C. J. Tuplin ]
• Dreher, M. Athen und Sparta (München 2001).
• Drews, R., "Phoenicians, Carthage, and the Spartan eunomia," American Journal of Philology 100 (1979) 45-58.
• Ducat, J., "Sparte archaïque et classique. Structures économiques, sociales, politiques," Revue des études grecques 96 (1983) 194-225.
• Ducat, Jean, "La femme de Sparte et la cité," Ktèma 23 (1998) 385-406.
• Ducat, Jean, "La femme de Sparte et la guerre," Pallas 51 (1999) 159-171.
• Ducat, Jean, Spartan Education. Youth and Society in the Classical Period (Swansea: The Classical Press of Wales 2006).
• Dum, Georg, Entstehung und Entwicklung des Spartanischen Ephorats (1878; Roma: Bretschneider 1970).
• Ehling, Kay, "Zur Datierung des Gold- und Silbergeld« verbots » in Sparta," Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte 47 (1997) 13-20.
• Ehrenberg, Viktor, "Der Damos im archaischen Sparta," Hermes 68 (1933) 288-305.
• Ehrenberg, Viktor, "Die Spartiaten und Lakedaimonier," Hermes 59 (1924) 23-72.
• Ephraim, David, "Hunting in Spartan Society and Consciousness," EMC 12. 3 (1993) 393-413.
• Ephraim, David, "Suicide in Spartan Society," in Figueira, (ed.) Spartan Society (Swansea 2004).
• Falkner, Caroline, "Sparta and the Elean War, ca 401/400 B.C.: Revenge or Imperialism?" Phoenix 50.1 (1996) 17-25.
• Falkner, Caroline, "Sparta's colony at Herakleia Trachinia and Spartan strategy in 426," EMC 18 (1999) 45-58.
• Falkner, Caroline, "Sparta and Lepreon in the Archidamian War (Thuc. 5. 31. 2-5)," Historia 48 (1999) 385-394.
• Figueira, Thomas J., "Mess Contributions and subsistence at Sparta," Transactions of the American Philological Association 114 (1984) 87-109.
• Figueira, Thomas J., "Population Patterns in Late Archaic and Classical Sparta," Transactions of the American Philological Association 116 (1986) 165-213.
• Figueira, Thomas J., (ed.) Spartan Society (Swansea: Classical Press of Wales 2004).
• Figueira, Thomas J., "The Nature of the Spartan kleros," Figueira, (ed.) Spartan Society (Swansea 2004).
• Fisher, Nick, and Hans Van Wees (edd.), Archaic Greece : new approaches and new evidence (London : Duckworth 1998).
• Fitzhardinge, L.F., The Spartans (London & NY: Thames & Hudson 1980).
• Flower, M.A., "Agesilaus of Sparta and the Origins of the Ruler Cult," Classical Quarterly 38 (1988) 123-134.
• Fornara, C.W. , "Some Aspects of the Career of Pausanias of Sparta," Historia 15 (1966) 257-271.
• Fornis, Cesar and Juan-Miguel Casillas, "Spartan Syssitia," Ancient History Bulletin 11 (1997).
• Forrest, W. George, A History of Sparta 2nd ed. (NY Norton 1968).
• Forrest, W. George, The Emergence of Greek Democracy 800-400 B.C. (New York: McGraw Hill 1966), ch. 5.
• Forrest, W. George, "Democracy and Oligarchy in Sparta and Athens," EMC 27 (1983) 285-296.
• Fortunelli, Simona, "Potere e integrazione nel programma chiloniano," Ostraka 8 (1999) 387-405.
• Galvagno, Emilio, "Sparta, l'Occidente e Cartagine," RSA 29 (1999) 27-50.
• Gentili, "Il Partenio di Alcmane e l' amore omoerotico femminile nei tiasi spartani," QUCC no. 22 (1976) 59-67.
• Gianotti, Gian Franco, "Sparta arcaica," RCCM 40 (1998) 125-132.
• Ginsburg, M.S., "Sparta and Judaea," Classical Philology 29 (1934) 117-124.
• Giraud, Jean-Marie, "Xénophon et l'explication de la défaite spartiate," DHA 26 (2000) 85-107.
• Gozzoli, U., Proprietà fondiaria ed esercito nello stato spartiano dell' étà classica (Roma 1979).
• Guarducci, M., "I culti della Laconia," Storia Spartana (1964) 87-106.
• Grundy, G.B. ,"The Population and Policy of Sparta in the Fifth Century," JHS 28 (1908) 77-96.
• Habicht, Chr., "Der Beitrag Spartas zur Restitution von Samos wähernd desw Samischen Krieges (Ps. Aristoteles Ökonomik II,,2,9)," Chiron 5 (1975) 45-50.
• Hall, Jonathan M., "Sparta, Lakedaimon and the nature of perioikic dependency," Further studies in the ancient Greek polis (2000) 73-89.
• Hamilton, Charles D., "Spartan Politics and Policy, 405-401 B. C.," American Journal of Philology 91 (1970) 294-314.
• Hamilton, Charles D., Sparta's Bitter Victories (Ithaca: Cornell 1979).
• Hamilton, Charles D., "Agesilaus and the Failure of Spartan Hegemony," Ancient World 5 (1982) 67-78.
• Hamilton, Charles D., "Lysander, Agesilaus, Spartan Imperialism and the Greeks of Asia Minor," Ancient World 23. 1 (1992), 35-50.
• Hamilton, Charles D., "Thebes and Sparta in the fourth century," Ktèma 19 (1994) 239-258.
• Hamilton, Charles D., "The Ideology of Spartan Conservatism" AncW 27.2 (1996) 147-155.
• Hammond, Mason, "A famous Exemplum of Spartan Toughness," Classical Journal 75 (1979-1980) 97-109.
• Hammond, Nicholas G.L. , "Sparta at Thermopylae" Historia 45.1 (1996) 1-20.
• Hammond, N.G.L., "The Lycurgan Reform at Sparta," JHS 70 (1950) 42-64.
• Harvey, David, "The clandestine Massacre of the Helots (Thucydides 4. 80)," Figueira, (ed.) Spartan Society (Swansea 2004).
• Hatzopoulos, Miltiades B., "Le culte des Dioscures et la double royauté à Sparte," AEHE (V.Sect.) 79 (1971-1972) 475-476.
• Hermann-Otto, Elisabeth ,"Verfassung und Gesellschaft Spartas in der Kritik des Aristoteles," Historia 47.1 (1998) 18-40.
• Hampl, F., "Die Lakedaemonischen Perioeken," Hermes 72 (1937) 1-37.
• Hansen, O., "Were the Native Inhabitants of Thera called helots by the Spartan colonists?" American Journal of Philology 105 (1984) 326-327.
• Harvey, F.D., "Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 2390 and Early Spartan History," JHS 87 (1967) 62-73.
• Hatzopoulos, Miltiades, "Le culte des Dioscures et la double royauté à Sparte," AEHE ( V. Sect.) 79 (1971-1972) 475-476.
• Hicks, C. M., Spartan Foreign Relations during the Hellenistic Age (1980).
• Holladay, A.J., "Spartan Austerity," Classical Quarterly 27 (1977) 111-126.
• Holladay, A.J., "Sparta's Role in the First Peloponnesian War," JHS 97 (1977) 54-63.
• Holladay, A.J. , "Sparta and the First Peloponnesian War," JHS 105 (1985) 161-162.
• Hodkinson, S.J., "Social Order and the Conflict of Values in Classical Sparta," Chiron 13 (1983) 239-281.
• Hodkinson, S.J., Land tenure and inheritance in Classical Sparta," Classical Quarterly 36 (1986) 378-406.
• Hodkinson, Stephen, "Spartan society in the fourth century," Le IVe siècle av. J.-C. (1996) 85-101.
• Hodkinson, Stephen, "Lakonian artistic production and the problem of Spartan austerity," N. Fisher & H. Van Wees (edd.) Archaic Greece (1998) 93-117.
• Hodkinson, S.J., Property and Wealth in Classical Sparta (London: Duckworth & The Classical Press of Wales 2000).
• Hodkinson, S(tephen) J. & Anthony Powell (edd.), Sparta: New Perspectives (London: 1999).
• Hodkinson, S(tephen) J. & Anthony Powell (edd.), Sparta and War (Swansea: The Classical Press of Wales 2006).
• Hooker, J.T., The Ancient Spartans (London: J.M. Dent 1980).
• Hope Simpson, R., "Leonidas' Decision," Phoenix 26 (1972) 1-11.
• Hornblower, Simon, "Thucydides, Xenophon, and Lichas," Phoenix 54 (2000) 212-225.
• Humble, Noreen M., Xenophon's View of Sparta... [Ph.D. Thesis, McMaster U. 1997].
• Humble, Noreen, "Xenophon's sons in Sparta? Perspectives on xenoi in the spartan Upbringing," Figueira, (ed.) Spartan Society (Swansea 2004).
• Hupfloher, Annette, Kulte im kaiserzeitlichen Sparta (Berlin, 2000).
• Huxley, G.L., Early Sparta (Cambridge Harvard 1962).
• Huxley, G.L., On Aristotle and Greek Society (Belfast 1977).
• Huxley, G.L., "Herodotos on Myth and Politics in Early Sparta," PRIA 83 (1983) 1c-16c.
• Huys, Marc, "The Spartan Practice of Selective Infanticide and its Parallels in Ancient Utopian Tradition" Ancient Society 27 (1996) 47-74.
• Janni, P., La cultura di Sparta arcaica. Ricerche, II (Roma 1970).
• Jeanmaire, H., "La cryptie lacedémonienne," Revue des études grecques 26 (1913) 121-150.
• Jones, A.H.M., Sparta (Oxford 1967).
• Jones, A.H.M., "The Lycurgan Rhetra," Ancient Society and Institutions.... Viktor Ehrenberg (Oxford 1966) 165-175.
• Kagan, Donald, The Archidamian War (Ithaca 1974).
• Kagan, Donald, The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition (Ithaca 1981).
• Keen, Antony G., "Lies about Lysander," Leeds International Latin Seminar 9 (1996) 285-296.
• Kelly, D. H., "The New Spartan Treaty," Liverpool Classical Monthly 1 (1976) 87-92.
• Kelly, D. H., "Policy-making in the Spartan Assembly," Antichthon 15 (1981) 47-61.
• Kelly, D. H., "Sparta. Some Myths ancient and modern," Hellenika (1982) 9-19.
• Kelly, T., "The Traditional Enmity between Sparta and Argos. The Birth and Development of a Myth," American Historical Review 75 (1970) 971-1003.
• Kelly, T., "Thucydides and Spartan Strategy in the Archidamian War," American Historical Review 87 (1982) 25-54.
• Kennell, Nigel M., The Public Institutions of Roman Sparta (1985).
• Kennell, Nigel M., "Where was Sparta's Prytaneion?" American Journal of Archaeology 91 (1987) 421-422.
• Kennell, Nigel M. "NEPWN PERIODONIKHS," American Journal of Philology 109 (1988) 239-251.
• Kennell, Nigel M., "The Size of the Spartan Patronomate," ZPE 85 (1991) 131-137.
• Kennell, Nigel M. The Gymnasium of Virtue: Education and Culture in Ancient Sparta (Chapel Hill: UNC 1995).
• Kennell, Nigel M.. "IG V 1, 16 and the Gerousia of Roman Sparta," Hesperia 61. 2 (1992) 193-202.
• Kennell, Nigel M. , "The Spartan Synarchia," Phoenix 46. 4 (1992) 342-351.
• Kiechle, F., Lakonien und Sparta (München 1963) [Vestigia, 5].
• Klein, S.C., Cleomenes. A study in early Spartan Imperialism (1973).
• Köiv, Mait, "The origins, development and reliability of the ancient tradition about the formation of the Spartan constitution," Studia Humaniora Tartuensia 1.3 (2000).
• Köiv, Mait, Ancient Tradition and Early Greek History. The Origins of States in Early-Archaic Sparta, Argos and Corinth (Talinn Estonia: Avita 2003).
• Kourinou, Eleni, Sparti (Athens 2000).
• Kukofka, Dirk-Achim, "Die Paidiskoi im System der spartanischen Alterklassen," Philologus 137. 2 (1993) 197-205.
• Lanzillotta, E., "La politica spartana dopo la pace di Antalcide," MGR 7 (1980) 129-178.
• Lanzillotta, E. (ed.), Problemi di storia e cultura spartana (Roma 1984).
• Larsen, J.A.O., "Perioikoi," RE 19 (1938) 816-833.
• Lazenby, J.F. The Defence of Greece, 490-479 B.C. (Warminster: Aris and Phillips 1993).
• Lazenby, J.F. The Spartan Army (Warminster: Aris and Phillips 1985).
• Lazenby, J. F., "Pausanias, son of Kleombrotos," Hermes 103 (1975) 231-251.
• Lazenby, J.F., "The conspiracy of Kinadon reconsidered," Athenaeum 85 (1997) 437-447. [Xenophon Hellenika 3.3.4-11]
• Lendon, Jon E., "Voting by shouting in Sparta," Essays in honor of Gordon Williams (2001) 169-175.
• Lévy, E., "Les trois traités entre Sparte et le Roi," Bulletin de correspondence Hellenique 107 (1983) 221-241.
• Lévy, E., "La kryptie et ses contradictions," Ktema 13 (1988) 245-252.
• Lévy, Edmond, "Remarques préliminaires sur l'éducation spartiate," Ktèma 22 (1997) 151-160.
• Lévy, Edmond, "La Sparte d'Hérodote," Ktèma 24 (1999) 123-134.
• Lévy, Edmond, Sparte. Histoire politique et sociale jusqu' à la conquête romaine (Paris: Seuil 2003).
• Lewis, D.M., Sparta and Persia (Leiden: Brill 1977).
• Link, Stefan, "Spartas Untergang," Laverna 10 (1999) 17-37.
• Link, Stefan, "Zur Aussetzung neugeborener Kinder in Sparta," Tyche 13 (1998) 153-164.
• Link, Stefan, "« Durch diese Tür geht kein Wort hinaus ! » (Plut. Lyk. 12, 8)," Laverna 9 (1998) 82-112.
• Link, St., Das frühe Sparta. Untersuchungen zur spartanischen Staatsbildung im 7. und 6. Jahrhundert v. Chr. (St. Katherinen 2000).
• Link, Stefan, "Snatching and Keeping. The Motif of taking in Spartan Culture," in Figueira, (ed.) Spartan Society (Swansea 2004).
• Lipka, M., Xenophon's "Spartan Constitution": Introduction, Text, Commentary (2002).
• Loomis, William T., "The Spartan War Fund," Historia Einzelschriften Heft 74 (Wiesbaden: F. Steiner Verlag 1992).
• Loraux, N., "La 'belle mort' spartiate," Ktema 2 (1977) 105-120.
• Lupi, Marcello, "Epimenide a Sparta," Epimenide cretese (2001) 169-191.
• Luppino-Manes, Emma, "Rivalità-inimicizia-odio tra Alcibiade ed Agide II di Sparta," Amnistia, perdono e vendetta nel mondo antico (ed. Marta Sordi) (Milano: Vita e Pensiero 1997).
• Luraghi, Nino & Susan Alcock (edd.), Helots and their Masterns in Laconia and Messenia (Cambridge: Harvard 2004) [Hellenic Studies, 4].
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